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1. What is a Statement?

  • A statement is a unit of code that performs an action or a task.
  • Statements can include variable assignments, function calls, loops, conditionals, and more.
  • Every line of code in Python is typically a statement.

Examples:

x = 10                # Assignment statement
print("Hello")        # Function call statement
if x > 5:            # Conditional statement
    print("x is greater than 5")

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2. Types of Statements

Python statements can be categorized into the following types:

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1. Assignment Statements

  • Used to assign a value to a variable.
  • The = operator is used for assignment.

Examples:

name = "Raj"          # Assign a string to a variable
age = 25              # Assign an integer to a variable
is_student = True     # Assign a Boolean value
  • Multiple Assignments: 
    a, b, c = 1, 2, 3    # Assign multiple values at once
x = y = z = 10       # Assign the same value to multiple variables

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2. Expression Statements

  • Any expression becomes a statement when it is used on its own.
  • Examples include arithmetic operations, function calls, etc.

Examples:

10 + 20               # Arithmetic expression (but not useful as a standalone statement)
print("Hello, Ram!")  # Function call statement

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3. Conditional Statements (if, elif, else)

  • Used to make decisions based on conditions.
  • Keywords: if, elif, else.

Examples:

age = 20
if age >= 18:
    print("Ram is eligible to vote.")
elif age >= 16:
    print("Ram can get a learner's license.")
else:
    print("Ram is too young.")

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4. Loop Statements (for, while)

  • Used to repeat a block of code multiple times.
  • Keywords: for, while.

Examples:

  • For Loop:

    names = ["Raj", "Ram", "Anand", "Bala"]
for name in names:
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

  • While Loop:

    count = 0
while count < 5:
    print(f"Count: {count}")
    count += 1

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5. Function Definition Statements (def)

  • Used to define reusable blocks of code.
  • Keyword: def.

Example:

def greet(name):
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

greet("Karthik")  # Function call statement

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6. Import Statements

  • Used to import modules or specific functions/classes from modules.
  • Keyword: import.

Examples:

import math                     # Import the entire math module
from datetime import date       # Import only the date class from datetime

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7. Control Flow Statements (break, continue, pass)

  • Used to control the flow of loops or conditionals.
  • Keywords: break, continue, pass.

Examples:

  • Break:

    for i in range(10):
    if i == 5:
        break  # Exit the loop when i is 5
    print(i)

  • Continue:

    for i in range(10):
    if i % 2 == 0:
        continue  # Skip even numbers
    print(i)

  • Pass:

    if x > 10:
    pass  # Placeholder for future code

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8. Return Statements

  • Used in functions to return a value to the caller.
  • Keyword: return.

Example:

def add(a, b):
    return a + b

result = add(5, 10)  # result = 15

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9. Exception Handling Statements (try, except, finally)

  • Used to handle errors and exceptions in code.
  • Keywords: try, except, finally.

Example:

try:
    result = 10 / 0
except ZeroDivisionError:
    print("Cannot divide by zero!")
finally:
    print("Execution complete.")

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3. Compound Statements

  • Statements that contain other statements, such as loops, conditionals, and function definitions.
  • They are often indented to define blocks of code.

Examples:

if x > 10:
    print("x is greater than 10")  # Block of code under if
    print("This is part of the if block")

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4. Simple vs Compound Statements

  • Simple Statements: Single-line statements that perform a single task. 
    x = 10
print("Hello")
  • Compound Statements: Multi-line statements that contain blocks of code. 
    if x > 10:
    print("x is greater than 10")
    print("This is a compound statement")

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5. Additional Examples

  • Assignment Statement:

    name = "Suresh"
age = 28

  • Conditional Statement:

    if age >= 18:
    print(f"{name} is eligible to vote.")
else:
    print(f"{name} is not eligible to vote.")

  • Loop Statement:

    names = ["Sujatha", "Kavitha", "Sathish"]
for name in names:
    print(f"Hello, {name}!")

  • Function Definition Statement:

    def greet_person(name):
    print(f"Good morning, {name}!")

greet_person("Ramesh")

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6. Best Practices

  • Use meaningful variable names to make statements clear and readable.
  • Keep lines short and avoid overly complex statements.
  • Use comments to explain the purpose of complex statements.